Antisense Oligonucleotides: problems with use and solutions
نویسندگان
چکیده
Les oligonucléotides antisens (OAS) montrent un grand potentiel comme outil moléculaire et comme nouvel agent thérapeutique. Cependant, plusieurs problèmes limitent leur utilisation, en particulier leur toxicité, leurs effets indésirables et leur faible pénétration dans les cellules. Chez l'homme, les études cliniques concernant l'utilisation des oligonucléotides phosphorotioates (PS-ODNs) ont montré diverses toxicités hématologiques qui sont principalement dues à des effets non spécifiques. La charge et la polarité des PS-ODNs freinent leur entrée dans les cellules. En outre, le mécanisme principal de leur mode d'action est limité à l'induction du clivage de l'ARNm par la ribonucléase H. Pour surmonter les problèmes de la disponibilité et de la livraison des OAS au niveau de leur site d'action et pour augmenter leur spécificité, des vecteurs sont utilisés. La seconde génération des OAS offre d'autres mécanismes d'action pour inhiber la production de la protéine cible et constitue donc une alternative à la thérapie par les PS-ODNs. Les modifications qui ont été apportées permettent aux OAS d'inhiber la signalisation en privant la cellule du récepteur ou du médiateur cible. Cette propriété permet d'utiliser les OAS comme outil de recherche fondamentale ou comme agent thérapeutique.
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